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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1976 |
| | | The much-hated Gang of Four are arrested in China within weeks of Mao Zedong's death | |
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| 1976 |
| | | The incumbent president Gerald Ford is defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter in the US election | |
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| 1976 |
| | | 19-year-old Spanish golfer Severiano Ballesteros ends the year as number one in Europe | |
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| 1977 |
| | | Mengistu Haile Mariam seizes control of Ethiopia's ruling Dergue (military council) in a violent coup | |
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| c. 1977 |
| | | Royal tombs are excavated at Vergina, in Macedonia, probably including that of Philip of Macedon | |
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| 1977 |
| | | Jacques Chirac, leader of a recently formed neo-Gaullist party, is elected mayor of Paris | |
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| 1977 |
| | | Steven Spielberg writes and directs an inflential science fiction movie, Close Encounters of the Third Kind | |
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| 1977 |
| | | Likud leader Menachem Begin, at the head of a coalition government, becomes Israel's first non-socialist prime minister | |
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| 1977 |
| | | A treaty provides for the gradual transfer of the Canal Zone from US to Panamanian control | |
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| 1977 |
| | | George Lucas writes and directs a science fantasy, Star Wars, launching a narrative that will be expanded in a further five films | |
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| 1977 |
| | | The French Territory of Afars and Issas becomes independent as Djibouti, with Hassan Gouled Aptidon as president | |
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| 1977 |
| | | German author Botho Strauss's play Three Acts of Recognition wins him an international audience | |
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| 1977 |
| | | Zia ul-Haq, the Chief of Army Staff, takes power in a bloodless coup against the government of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto | |
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| 1977 |
| | | Estonian composer Arvo Pärt completes his choral work Cantus in memoriam Benjamin Britten | |
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| 1977 |
| | | Elvis Presley dies, aged 42, at his home in Memphis, Tennessee | |
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| 1977 |
| | | After making several films together, Woody Allen and his partner Diane Keaton have an Oscar-winning success with Annie Hall | |
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| 1977 |
| | | The Pompidou Centre, designed by Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers, opens in Paris | |
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| 1977 |
| | | Steve Biko, founder of Black Consciousness, dies of head wounds received in police custody in Pretoria | |
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| 1977 |
| | | Anwar el-Sadat, the Egyptian president, travels to Jerusalem to propose a peace plan to the Israelis | |
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| 1977 |
| | | In a multi-million dollar ceremony, Jean-Bédel Bokassa proclaims himself emperor of the Central African Republic | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Kenneth MacMillan turns a double suicide of 1889 into a ferociously dramatic ballet, Mayerling | |
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| 1978 |
| | | US author John Irving has wide success with his novel The World According to Garp | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Hungarian composer György Ligeti's opera Le Grand Macabre has its premiere in Stockholm | |
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| 1978 |
| | | John Mortimer's Rumpole of the Bailey, with Leo McKern in the title role, begins its first series of six episodes on British TV | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Former Italian prime minister Aldo Moro is abducted and assassinated by the terrorist Red Brigades | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Iris Murdoch publishes The Sea, the Sea, and wins the 1978 Booker Prize | |
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| 1978 |
| | | English author Andrew Motion publishes his first collection of poems, The Pleasure Steamers | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Muhammad Ali is the first boxer to become world heavyweight champion three times, defeating Leon Spinks in a return match a year after losing the title | |
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| c. 1978 |
| | | Shining Path and Tupac Amaru emerge as left-wing guerrilla groups in Peru | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Douglas Adams creates Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy as a science fiction comedy series for BBC's Radio 4 | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Czech-born US tennis player Martina Navratilova wins the first of nine singles titles at Wimbledon | |
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| 1978 |
| | | English cricketer Ian Botham sets a new Test record, scoring a century and taking eight wickets against Pakistan at Lord's | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Louise Brown, born in England, is the first test-tube baby, having been conceived by IVF (In vitro fertilization) | |
|  | Collecting eggs for IVF
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1978 |
| | | Jomo Kenyatta dies in office as Kenya's president and is succeeded by his deputy, Daniel arap Moi | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Italian cardinal Albino Luciani is elected pope and takes the name John Paul I | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Sandinista guerrillas make a surprise attack on the National Palace in Nicaragua, taking more than 1000 people hostage | |
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